Civil engineers are involved in the design and construction of urban storm sewer systems and sanitary sewer systems. In the storm sewer system excess water is diverted through the system of underground pipes to the nearest river or creek. By using a separate system of pipes, the treatment plants won't overflow during rainstorms.

Water Distribution

Civil engineers plan and design the water distribution systems. Large transmission mains transport water from the water treatment plants to reservoirs and from these reservoirs to different parts of the city.

Smaller distribution mains deliver the water to customers and fire hydrants.

One of the many tools of a civil engineer, a laser level, can be seen in the foreground.

Underground water storage reservoirs are located throughout the system. They are located at higher elevations to supply the service areas by gravity flow and are designed to retain at least one half of their capacity for emergencies such as fires.

Computer Network Analysis for System Planning

This is an advanced computer network program to analyze, plan and design the water distribution system and assist in its operation. Long term simulations are done to develop 40 to 50 year long-range service plans. The integration of the computer network program with a geographic information system (GIS) allows planners to overlay simulation results on maps of infrastructure for easier interpretation.

Maintenance Management

Computerized maintenance management systems are used to ensure the supply of water to the customers and to maintain the integrity of the infrastructure throughout its life cycle. This system integrated with the GIS helps in the management of the transmission and distribution system.

An economic analysis is run on water mains replacement taking consideration such factors as; past breaks, cost of repair, cost of replacement, property damage resulting from breaks etc. GIS helps optimize the size and priorities of the main replacement program.

A Leak Detection Program using electronic equipment assists the regular leak surveys.