In the Hawaiian Islands, the engineers are using special concrete blocks to reinforce the breakwaters. The blocks are fitted together and each blocks is monitored using GPS so that engineers can tell when the pressure of the constant wave action shifts one of them.

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If you look closely, you can see the tracks built on the top of the breakwater. These tracks were used to bring the sugar cane out to the freighters. Since the decline of the sugar cane industry in the islands, these tracks are no longer in use.

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Associated Sites:

Canadian Hydraulic Centre