What is Civil Engineering ?

Structural Engineering
Tunnels

The Channel Tunnel, a ground link between England (Falkestone) and France (Calais), cost approximately $15 billion and is 31 miles in length, of which 23 miles are underwater.

The Channel Tunnel consists of three interconnected tubes, two one way rail lines and one service tunnel. Only trains are allowed through. Vehicles may not be driven through the Chunnel.

Channel Tunnel portal

February 2000 issue of the New Civil Engineer International

photos scanned, with permission from NCE

3.2km tunnel under North Downs as part of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link. Going Underground: 16/11/2000 issue of the New Civil Engineer photos scanned, with permission from NCE

Cairo Metro Line 2, Egypt: A 30km underground railway line linking the pyramids of Giza on the web bank of the Nile to central and northern Cairo on the opposite bank.

Construction of Cairo Metro Line 2: June 1999 issue of the Civil Engineer International

photos scanned, with permission from NCE

Maui & Kauai, Hawaiian Islands


This is the only tunnel on the island of Maui. Note the metal mesh netting along the side to prevent rocks from falling on the road.

1948 - Kauai - this tunnel was carved out of solid lava rock by sugar cane plantation workers. They received $0.50 per hour. It is 1/4 mile long and took 6 months to make. The tunnel was built to cut down the travel time from the plantation to the sugarmill.